PREAMBLE

“An Act to provide for setting out the practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, the constitution of a Central Information Commission and State Information Commissions and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

WHEREAS the Constitution of India has established democratic Republic;

AND WHEREAS democracy requires an informed citizenry and transparency of information which are vital to its functioning and also to contain corruption and to hold Governments and their instrumentalities accountable to the governed;

AND WHEREAS revelation of information in actual practice is likely to conflict with other public interests including efficient operations of the Governments, optimum use of limited fiscal resources and the preservation of confidentiality of sensitive information;

AND WHEREAS it is necessary to harmonise these conflicting interests while preserving the paramountcy of the democratic ideal;

NOW, THEREFORE, it is expedient to provide for furnishing certain information to citizens who desire to have it.

BE it enacted by Parliament in the fifty-sixth year of the Republic of India as follows”

GENERAL NOTE

It has been well said that a democracy is run on informed public opinion. However, the means of obtaining information is a matter of grave concern for the functioning of a democracy. Citizens’ actions shall be assailed at the hands of the administration though however no corresponding provisions were made of passing information to the citizens on matters of importance to a citizen. This lacuna in the legislative programme would upset many welfare projects and can be taken over by corrupt officials and bureaucracy. It is in order to prevent such takeovers by corrupt and dishonest bureaucracy and/or the administration that the Act such as this can be of some hope and some relevance.

THE SALIENT FEATURES OF THE RTI ACT

1. The Act seeks to streamline the administration in order that the various functionaries of the Government adapt themselves to the obligation of furnishing information as called for.
2. It provides for an independent apparatus or instrumentality for enabling the citizens to obtain information about the functioning of various Government bodies.
3. By definition and otherwise, it has spelt out the contents of the obligation to furnish information as also has made distinction as to the matters to which the obligation is not attached while matters are enlisted which are exempted for being furnished as and by way of information to the requesting member of the public.
4. The Act provides for:
   • Hierarchy of instrumentalities with inbuilt provisions for appeal.
   • Remedy to third party as defined in the Act.
5. The Act bars jurisdiction of Civil Courts.
6. The Act exempts organisations in the Second Schedule to which this Act not to apply. In this list later on some further organisations are added:
   • Directorate General of Income-tax (Investigation) w.e.f. 27-3-2008.
   • Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) w.e.f. 29-6-2011.
   • National Investigation Agency w.e.f. 29-6-2011.
   • National Intelligence Grid w.e.f. 29-6-2011.
7. The Act empowers the Central Government to prepare educational programmes, etc.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Department of Personnel and Training, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions have published 30 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs). Hereunder I have dealt with them as I deem it fit, changing language expanding answers etc. which would make it easy to understand basics of RTI Act:

1. When RTI came into force?

It came into force on the 12th October, 2005 (120th day of its enactment on 15th June, 2005. Some provisions have come into force with immediate effect viz. obligations of public authorities [S. 4(1)], designation of Public information Officers and Assistant Public Information Officers [Ss. 5(1) and 5(2)], constitution of Central Information Commission (Ss. 12 and 13), constitution of State Information Commissions (Ss. 15 and 16), non-applicability of the Act to Intelligence and Security Organisations (S. 24) and power to make rules to carry out the provisions of the Act (Ss. 27 and 28).

2. Who is covered?

The Act extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir [S. 1(2)]. State of Jammu and Kashmir has its own RTI Act.

3. What does information mean?

Information means any material in any form including records, documents, memos, e-mails, opinions, advices, press releases, circulars, orders, logbooks, contracts, reports, papers, samples, models, data material held in any electronic form and information relating to any private body which can be accessed by a public authority under any other law for the time being in force [S. 2(f)].

4. What does right to information mean? [S. 2(j)]

It includes the right to —

• Inspect works, documents, records.
• Take notes, extracts or certified copies of documents or records.
• Take certified samples of material.
• Obtain information in form of printouts, diskettes, floppies, tapes, video cassettes or in any other electronic mode or through printouts.

5. What are the obligations of public authority?

It shall publish within one hundred and twenty days of the enactment of the RTI Act:—

• The particulars of its organisation, functions and duties;
• The powers and duties of its officers and employees;
• The procedure followed in its decision making process, including channels of supervision and accountability;
• The norms set by it for the discharge of its functions;
• The rules, regulations, instructions, manuals and records under the control of or used by its employees for discharging its functions;
• A statement of the categories of the documents held by it or under its control;
• The particulars of any arrangement that exist for consultation with, or representation by the members of the public, in relation to the formulation of policy or implementation thereof;
• A statement of the boards, councils, committees and other bodies consisting of two or more persons constituted by it. Additionally, information as to whether the meetings of these are open to the public, or the minutes of such meetings are accessible to the public;
• A directory of its officers and employees;
• The monthly remuneration received by each of its officers and employees, including the system of compensation as provided in its regulations;
• The budget allocated to each of its agency, indicating the particulars of all plans, proposed expenditures and reports on disbursements made;
• The manner of execution of subsidy programmes, including the amounts allocated and the details and beneficiaries of such programmes;
• Particulars of recipients of concessions, permits or authorisations granted by it;
• Details of the information available to, or held by it, reduced in an electronic form;
• The particulars of facilities available to citizens for obtaining information, including the working hours of a library or reading room, if maintained for public use;
• The names, designations and other particulars of the Public Information Officers.

Such following other information as may be described.

6. What is not open to disclosure?

The information is exempt from disclosure [S. 8 (1)]

• Information, disclosure of which would prejudicially affect the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security, strategic, scientific or economic interests of the State, relation with foreign State or lead to incitement of an offence;
• Information which has been expressly forbidden to be published by any Court of law or Tribunal or the disclosure of which may constitute contempt of Court;
• Information, the disclosure of which would cause a breach of privilege of Parliament or the State Legislature;
• Information including commercial confidence, trade secrets or intellectual property, the disclosure of which would harm the competitive position of a third party, unless the competent authority is satisfied that larger public interest warrants the disclosure of such information;
• Information available to a person in his fiduciary relationship, unless the competent authority is satisfied that the larger public interest warrants the disclosure of such information;
• Information received in confidence from foreign Government;
• Information, the disclosure of which would endanger the life or physical safety of any person or identify the source of information or assistance given in confidence for law enforcement or security purposes;
• Information which would impede the process of investigation or apprehension or prosecution of offenders;
• Cabinet papers including records of deliberations of the Council of Ministers, Secretaries and other officers;
  
  Provided that the decisions of the Council of ministers, the reason thereof, and the material on the basis of which the decisions were taken shall be made public after the decision has been taken, and the matter is complete or over:
  
  Provided further that those matters which come under the exception specified in this section shall not be disclosed;
• Information which relates to personal information the disclosure of which has no relationship to any public activity or interest, or which would cause unwarranted invasion of the privacy of the individual unless the Public Information Officer or the appellate authority, as the case may be, is satisfied that larger public interest justifies the disclosure of such information.
  
  Provided that the information which cannot be denied to the Parliament or a State Legislature shall not be denied to any person.
  Notwithstanding anything in the Official Secrets Act, 1923 nor any of the exceptions permissible in accordance with sub-section (1), a public authority may allow access to information, if public interest in disclosure outweighs the harm to the protected interests [S. 8(2)].

7. Is partial disclosure allowed?

Only that part of the record which does not contain any information which is exempt from disclosure and which can reasonably be severed from any part that contains exempt information, may be provided [S. 10].

8. What does a “public authority” mean? [S. 2(h)]

It means any authority or body or institution of self-government established or constituted:

1. By or under the Constitution;
2. By any other law made by Parliament;
3. By any other law made by State Legislature;
4. By notification issued or order made by the appropriate Government.

and includes any—

1. Body owned, controlled or substantially financed;
2. Non-Government organisation substantially financed directly or indirectly by the appropriate Government.

9. Who are excluded?

25 Organisations, Central Intelligence and Security agencies which are excluded are listed in the Second Schedule. List includes: Intelligence bureau, Directorate of Enforcement, Directorate of Revenue Intelligence, Border Security Force, etc.

The exclusion, governed under this Section however, is not absolute and these organisations have an obligation to provide information pertaining to allegations of corruption and human rights violations [S. 24]. This Section also provides that intelligence and security organisations established by the State Government also shall form part of this section.

10. Who are ‘Third Parties’?

A third party means a person other than the citizen making a request for information and includes a public authority. Third parties have a right to be heard in respect of applications and appeals when the information submitted by them to the Government in confidence is being sought by any citizen [S. 2(n) and S. 11].

11. Who are Public Information Officers (PIOs)?

PIOs are officers designated by the public authorities in all administrative units or offices under it to provide information to the citizens requesting for information under the Act. Any officer, whose assistance has been sought by the PIO for the proper discharge of his duties, shall render all assistance and for the purpose of contraventions of the provisions of this Act, such other officer shall be treated as a PIO.

12. What are the duties of a PIO?

• PIO shall deal with requests from persons seeking information and where the request cannot be made in writing, to render reasonable assistance to the person to reduce the same in writing.
• If the information requested for is held by or its subject matter is closely connected with the function of another public authority, the PIO shall transfer, within 5 days, the request to that other public authority and inform the applicant immediately.
• PIO may seek the assistance of any other officer for the proper discharge of his duties.
• PIO, on receipt of a request, shall as expeditiously as possible, and in any case within 30 days of the receipt of the request, either provide the information on payment of such fee as may be prescribed or reject the request for any of the reasons specified in S. 8 or S. 9.
• Where the information requested for concerns the life or liberty of a person, the same shall be provided within forty-eight hours of the receipt of the request.
• If the PIO fails to give decision on the request within the period specified, he shall be deemed to have refused the request.
• Where a request has been rejected, the PIO shall communicate to the requester —
  (i) the reasons for such rejection, (ii) the period within which an appeal against such rejection may be preferred, and (iii) the particulars of the Appellate Authority.
• PIO shall provide information in the form in which it is sought unless it would disproportionately divert the resources of the Public Authority or would be detrimental to the safety or preservation of the record in question.
• If allowing partial access, the PIO shall give a notice to the applicant, informing:
  1. That only part of the record requested, after severance of the record containing information which is exempt from disclosure, is being provided;
  2. The reasons for the decision, including any findings on any material question of fact, referring to the material on which those findings were based;
  3. The name and designation of the person giving the decision;
  4. The details of the fee calculated by him and the amount of fee which the applicant is required to deposit; and
  5. His rights with respect to review of the decision regarding non-disclosure of part of the information, the amount of fee charged or the form of access provided.
• If information sought has been supplied by third party or is related to the third party and the PIO intends to disclose such information to the applicant the PIO shall within 5 days from the receipt of the request give a written notice to the third party and take the representation made by the third party into consideration third party must be given a chance to make a representation before the PIO within 10 days from the date of receipt of such notice.

13. What is the Application Procedure for requesting information?

Apply in writing or through electronic means (not yet operative universally) in English or Hindi or in the official language of the area, to the PIO, specifying the particulars of the information sought for.

Reasons for seeking information are not required to be given

Pay fee as may be prescribed (individuals belonging to the below poverty line (BPL) category are exempted from paying fee).

14. What is the time limit to get the information?

30 days from the date of application.

48 hours for information concerning the life and liberty of a person.

5 days shall be added to the above response time, in case the application for information is given to Assistant Public Information Officer.

If the interests of a third party are involved then time limit will be 40 days (maximum period + time given to the party to make representation).

Failure to provide information within the specified period is a deemed refusal.

15. What is the fee?

Application fees to be prescribed must be reasonable.

If fee for supply of information is required, then the same must be intimated in writing with calculations details of how the figure was arrived at.

Applicant can seek review of the decision on fee charged by the PIO by applying to the appropriate Appellate Authority.

No fee will be charged from people living below the poverty line;

Applicant shall be provided the information free of cost if the PIO fails to provide the same within the prescribed time limit.

16. What could be the ground for rejection?

If it is covered by exemption from disclosure (S. 8).

If it infringes copyright of any person other than the State (S. 9).

17. Who are the Appellate Authorities? (S. 19)

First Appeal: The officer senior in rank to the PIO in the concerned Public Authority the first appeal is to be made within 30 days from the expiry of the prescribed time limit or from the receipt of the decision (delay may be condoned by the Appellate Authority if sufficient cause is shown).

First Appeal shall be disposed of within 30 days from the date of its receipt. Period is extendable by 15 days, if necessary.

Second Appeal: Second appeal to the Central Information Commission or the State Information Commission as the case may be, is to be made within 90 days of the date on which the decision was given or should have been made by the First Appellate Authority (delay may be condoned by the Commission if sufficient cause is shown).

Third Party appeal against PIO’s decision must be filed within 30 days before First Appellate Authority; and, within 90 days of the receipt of the decision on the First Appeal, before the appropriate Information Commission which is the Second Appellate Authority.

Burden of proving that denial of Information was justified lies with the PIO.

18. How is Central Information Commission constituted? (S. 12)

Central Information Commission to be constituted by the Central Government through a Gazette Notification.

Commission includes 1 Chief Information Commissioner (CIC) and not more than 10 Information Commissioners (ICs) who will be appointed by the President of India.

Commission shall have its Headquarters in Delhi. Other offices may be established in other parts of the country with the approval of the Central Government.

Commission will exercise its powers without being subjected to directions by any other authority.

19. What is the eligibility criteria and what is the process of appointment of CIC/IC? (S 12)

Candidates for CIC/IC must be persons of eminence in public life with wide knowledge and experience in law, science and technology, social service, management, journalism, mass media or administration and governance.

CIC/IC shall not be a Member of Parliament or Member of the Legislature of any State or Union Territory. He shall not hold any other office of profit or connected with any political party or carrying on any business or pursuing any profession.

Appointment Committee consists of Prime Minister (Chair), Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha and one Union Cabinet Minister to be nominated by the Prime Minister.

20. What is the term of office and other service conditions of CIC? (S. 13)

CIC shall be appointed for a term of 5 years from date on which he enters upon his office or till he attains the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.

CIC is not eligible for re-appointment.

Salary will be the same as that of the Chief Election Commissioner. This will not be varied to the disadvantage of the CIC during service.

21. What is the term of office and other service conditions of IC? (S. 13)

IC shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office or till he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier and shall not be eligible for re-appointment as IC.

Salary will be the same as that of the Election Commissioner. This will not be varied to the disadvantage of the IC during service.

IC is eligible for appointment as CIC but will not hold office for more than a total of five years including his term as IC.

22. How is the State Information Commission constituted?

The State Information Commission will be constituted by the State Government through a Gazette notification. It will have one State Chief Information Commissioner (SCIC) and not more than 10 State Information Commissioners (SICs) to be appointed by the Governor.

The headquarters of the State Information Commission shall be at such place as the State Government may specify. Other offices may be established in other parts of the State with the approval of the State Government.

The Commission will exercise its powers without being subjected to any other authority.

23. What is the eligibility criteria & what is the process of appointment of State Chief & other Information Commissioners? (S. 15)

The Appointment Committee will be headed by the Chief Minister. Other members consists of the Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly and one Cabinet Minister nominated by the Chief Minister.

The qualifications for appointment as SCIC/SIC shall be the same as that for Central Commissioners.

The salary of the State Chief Information Commissioner will be the same as that of an Election Commissioner. The salary of the State Information Commissioner will be the same as that of the Chief Secretary of the State Government.

24. What are the powers and functions of Information Commission? (S. 18 & S. 19)

• The Central Information Commission/State Information Commission has a duty to receive complaints from any person –

1. Who has not been able to submit an application for information request because a PIO has not been appointed;
2. Who has been refused information that was requested;
3. Who has received no response to his information request within the specified time limits;
4. Who thinks the fees charged are unreasonable;
5. Who thinks information given is incomplete or false or misleading; and
6. Any other matter relating to obtaining information under this law.

• Power to order inquiry if there are reasonable grounds:

CIC/SCIC will have powers of Civil Court such as –

1. Summoning and enforcing attendance of persons, compelling them to give oral or written evidence on oath and to produce documents or things;
2. Requiring the discovery and inspection of documents;
3. Receiving evidence on affidavit;
4. Requisitioning public records or copies from any court or office;
5. Issuing summons for examination of witnesses or documents;
6. Any other matter which may be prescribed.

All records covered by this law (including those covered by exemptions) must be given to CIC/SCIC during inquiry for examination.

• Power to secure compliance of its decisions from the Public Authority includes—

1. Providing access to information in a particular form;
2. Directing the public authority to appoint a PIO/APIO where none exists;
3. Publishing information or categories of information;
4. Making necessary changes to the practices relating to management, maintenance and destruction of records;
5. Enhancing training provision for officials on RTI;
6. Seeking an annual report from the public authority on compliance with this law;
7. Require it to compensate for any loss or other detriment suffered by the applicant;
8. Impose penalties under this law; or
9. Reject the application.

25. What is the reporting procedure? (S. 25)

Central Information Commission/State Information Commission will send an annual report to the Central Government/State Government on the implementation of the provisions of this Act at the end of each year.

Each Ministry has a duty to compile reports from its Public Authorities and send them to the Central Information Commission or State Information Commission, as the case may be.

Each report will contain details of number of requests received by each Public Authority, number of rejections and appeals, particulars of any disciplinary action taken, amount of fees and charges collected, etc.

Central Government will table the Central Information Commission report before Parliament after the end of each year. The concerned State Government will table the report of the State Information Commission before the Vidhan Sabha (and the Vidhan Parishad wherever applicable).

26. What are the penalty provisions? (S. 20)

Every PIO will be liable for fine of ₹ 250 per day, up to a maximum of ₹ 25,000 for —

Not accepting an application;

Delaying information release without reasonable cause;

Malafidely denying information;

Knowingly giving incomplete, incorrect, misleading information;

Destroying information that has been requested and

Obstructing furnishing of information in any manner.

The Information Commission (IC) at the Centre and the State levels will have the power to impose this penalty. The Information Commission can also recommend disciplinary action for violation of the law against an erring PIO.

27. What is the jurisdiction of courts?

Lower Courts are barred from entertaining suits or applications against any order made under this Act. (S. 23) However, the writ jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and High Courts under Articles 32 and 225 of the Constitution remains unaffected.

28. What is the role of Central/State Governments? (S. 26)

Develop educational programmes for the public especially disadvantaged communities on RTI;

Encourage Public Authorities to participate in the development and organisation of such programmes;

Promote timely dissemination of accurate information to the public;

Train officers and develop training materials;

Compile and disseminate a User Guide for the public in the respective official language;

Publish names, designation postal addresses and contact details of PIOs and other information such as notices regarding fees to be paid, remedies available in law if request is rejected, etc.

29. Who has the Rule making power?

Central Government, State Governments and the Competent Authority as defined in S. 2(e) are vested with powers to make rules to carry out the provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005. (S. 27 & S. 28)

30. Who has the power to deal with the difficulties while implementing this Act?

If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions in the Act, the Central Government may, by Order published in the Official Gazette, make provisions necessary/expedient for removing the difficulty. (S. 30)

Hereunder are some other FAQs which came for consideration at the clinic run by BCAS Foundation and arising out of the recent development.

31. Can a non-citizen apply for obtaining information from the Government?

No, under section 3 of the RTI Act, 2005 only citizens of India are entitled to obtain information. However NRI, if holding Indian passport is eligible but not the one holding foreign passport. Bodies like companies, trusts, firms, etc. have no right to information. However, CIC in some cases have allowed application from such entities. It may be noted that matter is controversial.

32. Is it essential to give the reason for making request to seek information?

No, according to section 6(2) of the Act the applicant is not required to give the reason for seeking information.

33. Is the applicant required to give his other personal details?

No. No other personal details are required to be given except those necessary for contacting him. It will be advisable to give cell number of the applicant in the application to enable PIO to contact him expeditiously in case any clarification is required by him.

34. Who all (or which bodies) are covered under the RTI Act, 2005?

The RTI Act, 2005 covers a wide spectrum of bodies, institutions, etc. of the Central Government and the State Governments, panchayat raj institutions, local bodies and significantly, all bodies and non-governments organisations (NGOs) that are owned, controlled or substantially financed by the Government, directly or indirectly. [S. 2(h)]

35. What is the difference between ‘Right to Know’ and ‘Right to Information’?

‘Right to Know’ is a natural right. ‘Right to Information’ is a privilege given by the Constitution to the citizens.

36. What is the difference between ‘seeking information’ and ‘seeking explanation’?

Seeking information means asking for records or information that already exist. This can be asked under the RTI Act.

Seeking explanation means asking the reason for a particular action or non-action or why there was delay in the work, etc. This cannot be asked under the RTI Act. However, it can be asked very indirectly. Illustration:

• “Why tax refund due to me for A.Y. 2006-07 not issued”……………cannot be asked
• “When tax refund due to me for A.Y. 2006-07 is scheduled to be issued” (as per citizen charter) …..... can be asked

37. What is the meaning of a citizen’s Right to Information?

It is a tool in the hands of every citizen without licence. It’s a Human Right declared by the International Organization to fight against corruption or which is a violation of Human Rights.

38. Whether an application can be made under Right to Information Act through electronic means?

1. Subject to what is stated in 42 (supra), an application made under The Right to Information Act through e-mail (electronic means) is absolutely valid.
2. Once one has sent the e-mail, one has to take a print of it, sign it and then arrange to pay the prescribed application fees in the mode as prescribed.

Then, forward it to the concerned Public Authority by post. If the application is to any Central Government Authority it can be forwarded via post office route. The Government has made Post Offices as Assistant Public Information Officer (APIO).

It will be the duty of the APIO to forward your application to the concerned Public Authority and no postal charges are payable, thus it will be forwarded free of charge.

39. What is the amount of fees and the procedure for paying fees to get information from the Central as well as State departments?

Depending on your State information rules for mode of payment, you can forward your application for information from the concerned department of your State Government via post or hand delivery by attaching a DD, Money Order, or affixing Court fee stamp (in Maharashtra) or by such mode as the rules prescribe.

For all Central Government departments the Department of Posts has designated 629 postal offices at the national level. The designated officers in these post offices work as Assistant PIOs and collect the application to forward to the concerned PIO. Same is done without charging you the cost of forwarding. A list is available on http://www.indiapost.gov.in/rticontents.html. After entering into the website click on CAPIOs.

In Mumbai 142 post offices are designated for receiving and posting application of RTI: Each has designated Central Assistant Public Information Officer (CAPIO).

List of designated post offices in Mumbai

Full list is available on http://www.indiapost.gov.in/rticontents.html. Same is also printed in BCAS publications: RTI for ITI.

40. Are fees same in all States in India?

No, fees are prescribed by each State and differ from State to State; e.g., in Maharashtra application fee is ₹ 10, same in Gujarat is ₹ 20. So also other fees differ; i.e., for inspection, providing copies, etc. However, same have to be reasonable as provided in the Act (see FAQ 15). Similarly, mode of payment also differ from State to State. For details, refer the rules of the relevant state; e.g., Maharashtra Right to Information Rules, 2005 or of the competent authority e.g. Bombay High Court.

41. In March 2012, Postal Department to help Indians travelling abroad and NRIs with RTI filing has published the procedure for making RTI applications. Same reads as under:

After four years of struggle, Indians travelling abroad and NRIs would be able to file Right to Information (RTI) applications online through a dedicated portal managed by the Department of Posts. Indians living abroad had been finding it difficult to use the RTI Act effectively as the Government had not specified rules to pay the mandatory fee of 10 in foreign currency through the Indian Embassies and High Commissions. Applicants were largely depending on their friends back in India to pay the RTI fee.

However, now the Government has decided to provide an Internet-based solution through the Department of Posts to Indians living abroad for submission of RTI applications. The procedure, which has obtained the Reserve Bank of India nod, is user-friendly and uses already-functional e-commerce portal of Department of Posts, which has its own payment gateway.

To make an application, the applicant would have to login to the website and go to ‘RTI counter‘ on the portal. Registration would be mandatory for the first-time applicant. After filling up the RTI application and uploading of passport copy, the applicant would be directed for payment of RTI fees through electronic postal order.

The postal order would be generated from a special series and would be captured by the application. It would then be assigned to the Public Information Officer (PIO) of the department chosen by the applicant.

42. RTI & Co-operative Society

97th Amendment to India’s Constitution become effective from 15-2-2012. One of the three amendments insert in Article 19 (which guarantees fundamental right to citizens) the term “Co-operative Societies”.

One of the authorities covered under Section 2(h) of the RTI Act is authority or body or institution of self-government established or constituted by or under the Constitution. Thus, co-operative societies become institution of self-government established by or under the Constitution.

43. Landmark Development for RTI Application

In June 2013 The Government [(the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT)] has launched an exclusive portal – https://rtionline.gov.in – for the purpose of facilitating filing of RTI application online to be extended to all Central Ministries.

This portal, developed by National Infotech Centre, is a facility for Indian citizens to online file RTI applications and First Appeals and also to make online payment of RTI fees.

The prescribed fees can be paid through Internet banking of State Bank of India and its associate banks as well as by credit or debit cards of Visa or Master, through the payment gateway of SBI linked to this site.

The entire website is prepared in such a way that the system would provide online reply to all RTI applications.

Giving details of the guidelines for the information seeker, the DoPT said that the text of the application that can be uploaded at the prescribed column (on the website) was, at present, limited to 500 words only. “In case an application contains more than 500 words then it can be uploaded as an attachment”, it said.

In case additional fee is required, covering the cost for providing information the CPIO will intimate the applicant about the same through the portal. The First Appeals filed through the website will also reach electronically to the ”Nodal officer” of the DoPT, who would transmit the appeals to the concerned First Appellate Authority (FAA).

This facility of RTI online web portal has been available at 37 Ministries/Departments of Government of India. This facility is presently not proposed to be extended for field offices/attached/subordinate offices.

Recent Developments in the RTI Act

Focus on the Centre, Maharashtra and Gujarat

In 2012, some amendments in the Rules of the Central Government and Maharashtra Government were made to limit the number of words in the application and restricting application to one subject only.

Similar amendments have been made in the Rules of Karnataka, Bihar and Chhattisgarh, same can be viewed on the relevant state’s website as provided in Chapter 11.

MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL,
PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS
(Department of Personnel and Training) New Delhi

NOTIFICATION

Dated July 31, 2012

G.S.R. 603(E) – In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 27 of the Right to Information Act, 2005 (22 of 2005) and in supersession of the Central Information Commission (Appeal Procedure) Rules, 2005 and the Right to Information (Regulation of Fee and Cost) Rules, 2005 except as respects things done or omitted to be done before such supersession, the Central Government hereby makes the following rules, namely:-

1. Short title and commencement – (1) These rules may be called the Right to Information Rules, 2012. (2) They shall come into force on the date of their publication in the Official Gazette.

2. Definitions – In these rules, unless the context otherwise requires,-

1. "Act" means the Right to Information Act, 2005 (22 of 2005);
2. "Commission" means the Central Information Commission constituted under sub-section (I) of Section 12 of the Act;
3. "First Appellate Authority" means an officer in the public authority who is senior in rank to the Central Public Information Officer to whom an appeal under sub-section (1) of Section 19 of the Act lies;
4. "Registrar" means an officer of the Commission so designated and includes an Additional Registrar, Joint Registrar and Deputy Registrar;
5. "Section" means a Section of the Act;
6. All other words and expressions used herein but not defined in these rules shall have the same meanings assigned to them in the Act.

3. Application Fee – An application under sub-section (1) of Section 6 of the Act shall be accompanied by a fee of rupees ten and shall ordinarily not contain more than five hundred words, excluding annexures, containing address of the Central Public Information Officer and that of the applicant:

Provided that no application shall be rejected only on the ground that it contains more than five hundred words.

4. Fees for providing information – Fee for providing information under sub-section (4) of Section 4 and sub-sections (1) and (5) of Section 7 of the Act shall be charged at the following rates, namely:-

1. Rupees two for each page in A-3 or smaller size paper;
2. Actual cost or price of a photocopy in large size paper;
3. Actual cost or price for samples or models;
4. Rupees fifty per diskette or floppy;
5. Price fixed for a publication or rupees two per page of photocopy for extracts from the publication;
6. No fee for inspection of records for the first hour of inspection and a fee of rupees 5 for each subsequent hour or fraction thereof; and
7. So much of postal charge involved in supply of information that exceeds fifty rupees.

5. Exemption from Payment of Fee – No fee under Rule 3 and Rule 4 shall be charged from any person who is below poverty line provided a copy of the certificate issued by the appropriate Government in this regard is submitted along with the application.

6. Mode of Payment of fee – Fees under these rules may be paid in any of the following manner, namely:

1. In cash, to the public authority or to the Central Assistant Public Information Officer of the public authority, as the case may be, against a proper receipt; or
2. By demand draft or bankers cheque or Indian Postal Order payable to the Accounts Officer of the public authority; or
3. By electronic means to the Accounts Officer of the public authority, if facility for receiving fees through electronic means is available with the public authority.

7. Appointment of Secretary to the Commission – The Central Government shall appoint an officer not below the rank of Additional Secretary to the Government of India as Secretary to the Commission.

8. Appeal to the Commission – Any person aggrieved by an order passed by the First Appellate Authority or by non-disposal of his appeal by the First Appellate Authority, may file an appeal to the Commission in the format given in the Appendix and shall be accompanied by the following documents, duly authenticated and verified by the appellant, namely:-

1. A copy of the application submitted to the Central Public Information Officer;
2. A copy of the reply received, if any, from the Central Public Information Officer;
3. A copy of the appeal made to the First Appellate Authority;
4. A copy of the Order received, if any, from the First Appellate Authority;
5. Copies of other documents relied upon by the appellant and referred to in his appeal; and
6. An index of the documents referred to in the appeal.

9. Return of Appeal – An appeal may be returned to the appellant, if it is not accompanied by the documents as specified in rule 8, for removing the deficiencies and filing the appeal complete in all respects.

10. Process of appeal – (1) On receipt of an appeal, if the Commission is not satisfied that it is a fit case to proceed with, it may, after giving an opportunity of being heard to the appellant and after recording its reasons, dismiss the appeal:

Provided that no appeal shall be dismissed only on the ground that it has not been made in the specified format if it is accompanied by documents as specified in Rule 8.

(2) The Commission shall not consider an appeal unless it is satisfied that the appellant has availed of all the remedies available to him under the Act.

(3) For the purposes of sub-rule (2), a person shall be deemed to have availed of all the remedies available to him under the Act:

(a) If he had filed an appeal before the First Appellate Authority and the First Appellate Authority or any other person competent to pass order on such appeal had made a final order on the appeal; or

(b) Where no final order has been made by the First Appellate Authority with regard to the appeal preferred, and a period of forty five days from the date on which such appeal was preferred has elapsed.

11. Procedure for deciding appeals – The Commission, while deciding an appeal may –

1. Receive oral or written evidence on oath or on affidavit from concerned or interested person;
2. Peruse or inspect documents, public records or copies thereof;
3. Inquire through authorised officer further details or facts;
4. Hear Central Public Information Officer, Central Assistant Public Information Officer or the First Appellate Authority, or such person against whose action the appeal is preferred, as the case may be;
5. Hear third party; and
6. Receive evidence on affidavits from Central Public Information Officer, Central Assistant Public Information Officer, First Appellate Authority and such other person against whom the appeal lies or the third party.

12. Presence of the appellant before the Commission – (1) The appellant shall be informed of the date at least seven clear days before the date of hearing.

(2) The appellant may be present in person or through his duly authorised representative or through video conferencing, if the facility of video conferencing is available, at the time of hearing of the appeal by the Commission.

(3) Where the Commission is satisfied that the circumstances exist due to which the appellant is unable to attend the hearing, then, the Commission may afford the appellant another opportunity of being heard before a final decision is taken or take any other appropriate action as it may deem fit.

13. Presentation by the Public Authority – The Public Authority may authorise any representative or any of its officers to present its case.

14. Service of notice by Commission – The Commission may issue the notice by name, which shall be served in any of the following modes, namely:

1. Service by the party itself;
2. By hand delivery (dasti) through Process Server;
3. By registered post with acknowledgement due;
4. By electronic mail in case electronic address is available.

15. Order of the Commission – The order of the Commission shall be in writing and issued under the seal of the Commission duly authenticated by the Registrar or any other officer authorised by the Commission for this purpose.

[F.No. 1/35/2009-IR]

(Manoj Joshi)

Joint Secretary

APPENDIX

FORMAT OF APPEAL

(See Rule 8)

1. Name and address of the appellant
2. Name and address of the Central Public information Officer to whom the application was addressed
3. Name and address of the Central Public Information Officer who gave reply to the Application
4. Name and address of the First Appellate Authority who decided the First Appeal
5. Particulars of the application
6. Particulars of the order(s) including number, if any, against which the appeal is preferred
7. Brief facts leading to the appeal
8. Prayer or relief sought
9. Grounds for the prayer or relief
10. Any other information relevant to the appeal
11. Verification/authentication by the appellant

The Maharashtra Right to Information

(Amendment) Rules, 2012

Dated 16-1-2012

General Administration Department

Mantralaya, Mumbai – 400 032, dated the 16th January 2012

Notification

Maharashtra Right to Information Rules, 2005

No. CRTI/2009/C.R.398/09/VI. – In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-sections (1) and (2) of section 27 of the Right to Information Act, 2005 (22 of 2005), the Government of Maharashtra is hereby pleased to make the following rules further to amend the Maharashtra Right to Information Rules, 2005, as follows, namely:-

1. These rules may be called the Maharashtra Right to Information (Amendment) Rules, 2012.
2. After Rule 3 of the Maharashtra Right to Information Rules, 2005, the following rule shall be inserted, namely:-

“3A. Request relate only to single subject matter:- A request in writing for information under section 6 of the Act shall relate to one subject matter and it shall not ordinarily exceed one hundred and fifty words. If an applicant wishes to seek information on more than one subject matter, he shall make separate applications.

Provided that, in case the request made relates to more than one subject matter, the Public Information Officer may respond to the request relating to the first subject matter only and may advise the applicant to make a separate application for each of the other subject matters.’’

By order and in the name of the

Governor of Maharashtra

Nandkumar Jantre

Secretary to Government

The Maharashtra Right to Information
(2nd Amendment) Rules, 2012Dated 13-1-2012

General Administration Department
Mantralaya, Mumbai – 400 032,
dated the 31st January, 2012

Notification

Maharashtra Right to Information Rules, 2005

No. CRTI . 2008/CR 356/VI. – In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section 27 of the Right to Information Act, 2005 (22 of 2005), and of all other powers enabling in this behalf, the Government of Maharashtra is hereby pleased to make the following rules further to amend the Maharashtra Right to Information Rules, 2005, namely:-

1. These rules may be called Maharashtra Right to Information (2nd Amendment) Rule 2012
2. After Rule 3A of the Maharashtra Right to Information Rules, 2005, the following rules shall be added namely:

3B. Procedure for seeking inspection of records: If after having considered the application filed by the applicant for seeking inspection of record under the s. (1) of section 6, the Public Information Officer find it appropriate, the applicant may be granted permission inspection of the record and if he grants such permission the Public Information Officer shall requisition the record desired by the applicant for perusal, from the concerned section of the Department and shall give the same to the applicant for inspection in his presence or in the presence of authorised representative, during the office hours. While inspecting such record, the applicant shall be allowed to use pencil only and the information desired by the applicant shall be noted by him by pencil only and if applicant bring any writing instruments other than pencil, he shall deposit the same with the Public Information Officer and thereafter, he shall be allowed to inspect the record. The applicant shall not make any marking on the record by the pencil he is allowed to use during inspection.

By order and in the name of the

Governor of Maharashtra

Nandkumar Jantre

Secretary to Government

RTI ONLINE

1. Central Government

Department of Personnel & Training has launched a web portal on 21st August, 2013, namely RTI online with URL www.rtionline.gov.in for all Central Ministries/Departments. This is a facility for the Indian citizens to file RTI applications and First Appeals online to all Central Ministries/Departments. The prescribed RTI fees can also be paid online. Reply to the RTI applications and First Appeals received online can also be given online by the respective PIOs/FAAs.

• Citizen Module

This is the home screen of the citizen module

• For submitting RTI application click on submit request option.

• On clicking on submit request option “GUIDELINES FOR USE OF RTI ONLINE PORTAL” screen will be displayed. This screen contains various guidelines for using RTI online portal.

• Citizen has to click on the checkbox “I have read and understood the above guidelines.” and then click on submit button

• Then Online RTI Request Form screen will be displayed. This form can be used to file an online RTI.

• “Text for RTI Request application” should be up to 3,000 characters. If the text of RTI application is more than 3,000 characters then RTI application can be uploaded in supporting document field.

2. Maharashtra

The Year 2015 brought cheers to the Right to Information (RTI) applicants of Maharashtra as the State Government has decided to permit online filing of RTI applications. Initially, the Mantralaya shall start receiving the RTO applications from January 1, 2015 which would subsequently be extended to all the departments of the State Government by April 1, 2015.

• Citizen Module

This is the home screen of the citizen module

• For submitting RTI application click on submit request option.

• On clicking submit request option “GUIDELINES FOR USE OF RTI ONLINE PORTAL” screen will be displayed. This screen contains various guidelines for using RTI online portal.

• Citizen has to click on the checkbox “I have read and understood the above guidelines.” and then click on submit button.

• By clicking on the submit button an online RTI application form similar to the Central Government will open. (shown above under Central Government).

• “Text for RTI Request application” should be up to 150 words. If the text of RTI application is more than 150 words then RTI application can be uploaded in supporting document field.